When you have a ranch that involves BLM land as part of the ranch, you get a deed to the BLM portion of the land as well as the deeded portion of the land.
BLM makes you maintain the land to their standards. If you are good rancher, you would do this anyway....
I am not sure if the BLm terminology for this type ranch is still called a "deed" per se by them anymore. It was when the land was aquired in the homestead act, but now the liberal run BLM & Forest Service considers all activity having to do with anything a "permit".
South of where I live is the McGregor Range that was homesteads and BLM. After WWII started they took the land they wanted. Only a few ranchers actually got their land back. (My wife's grandfather being one of the fortunate ones.)
Anyway, McGregor is still listed as BLM land now, only it is administered by the U.S. Army....(Ft. Bliss)
There are also certain things you can own on BLM land as well, such as barns, outbuildings, etc.
The only thing you can't do is place your residence on BLM land.
When someone encounters a ranch owner that may be a little less than friendly, it could be because when their family homesteaded the land in the 1880'-1920's, they were told that once they proved up on the land, they would "own" it forever, then things changed. The Govt. has gotten more control & put more restrictions on everything, including the influx of WAY less than desirable people onto their ranch.
After years of dumping trash, shooting holes in everything that isn't dirt, having cattle stolen, shot, run over, and chased by motorcycles, plus the influx of environmentalists that might documant a mouse on them they consider to be endangered, it's no wonder that the old ranch families are a little less than happy to see a stranger.
Even though BLM is accessable by the public, I always meet the rancher, then kind of get his blessing for being there. I ask them if they have any "trouble areas" of coyotes, or prairie dogs that need attention. I try to bring the rancher a small gift, or a pie perhaps when I come out.
You would be surprised when you respect the people that have sweated blood for the land that is their livelyhood, they will respect you back & open doors for you...(Maybe that 3 sections of deeded land he lets nobody into will be accessable?)
I know, clear as mud now....
They want it that way.(The beaurocrats)
Barry