I don't think you can tell the difference without looking under their tail. In my area if you see one over 175lbs. It will more then likely be a male, but not for sure. The males run about 250lbs here but of course you are going to find much bigger at times. I have one in my living room that was 325lbs from the area I hunt and that was a real good bear for that area. But you can go 50 miles south and that would be aveage. Back to you your questions. Yes a female will come with her cubs so keep an eye out and you will also get more then one bear at times too. LIke I said I know of no way to tell them apart in the field. rupe